honorific/polite/humble prefix
spatula; (fabric) tracing spatula; (pottery) pallet; (artificially cultured) Japanese crucian carp
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
that day; the very same day
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to examine (medically); to have a look at; to check (a patient's pulse)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to visit; to call on; to arrive (of a season, situation, etc.); to come; to appear
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to see (a doctor, etc.); to consult (someone)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
look!; see!; here!; there!; hey!
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
of late; lately; this part; this point; here
(common) cold; influenza; flu; ague; inflammatory respiratory system illness (in general)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
spicy; hot; salty; harsh (criticism); severe (punishment); painful
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
being left out; being ostracized
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
taking care of one's health; recuperation; covering (with a protective material); coating; curing (concrete)