ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
there; the spot; the place; then and there; on the spot; immediately
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
light; bright; bright (colour); cheerful; bright; bright (future, prospects, etc.); rosy
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nectar; honey; honeydew; treacle; molasses; sorbitol (when visible as dark patches inside an apple)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
suffix for familiar person
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
only; merely; but; no more than
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
river; stream; River; the ... river
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
to visit; to call on; to pay a visit to
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
... years old; age (of) ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
temporary dwelling; temporary housing
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...