refinement; elegance; grace
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
just right (time, size, length, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
for your information; I'm telling you
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
occasionally; once in a while; seldom; casually; unexpectedly; accidentally
now; the present time; just now; another; more
exactly; precisely; just; as if; as though; quite
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy