Tenshō era (1573.7.28-1592.12.8)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
Kinki (region around Osaka, Kyoto, Nara)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
effect; result; worth; Kai (former province located in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture)
Shinano (former province located in present-day Nagano Prefecture and parts of Gifu Prefecture)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
almost; roughly; approximately
to make one's own; to take possession of
just; right; pure; genuine; truth
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
other than; excluding; without
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
(arch.) large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
my; one's own; I ...; one ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
already; now; no longer; not any more
the Emperor; His Majesty; the government; the authorities; proprietress; hostess
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to one's heart's content or satisfaction
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
solid; firm; steady; unshakeable; unwavering
belief; faith; conviction
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to push on; to plunge forward; to push one's way to
alone; by oneself; on one's own
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
peace; tranquility; tranquillity; (arch.) happy-go-lucky
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question