Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
(arch.) large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
a little bit; a little while
to burn; to scorch; to char; to singe
darn it!; darn!; oops!; oh dear!; oh no!
reason; significance; cause; piece of information that one has heard; I hear that ...; it is said that ...
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
news; word; tidings; omen
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
to turn back; to go back; to come back; to return; to retrace one's steps
reason; cause; circumstances
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
divorce; dissolution of adoption
to ask for; to apply for; to make an application for; to file a request for; to submit (e.g. one's resignation)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
current master; father of one's current master; minister (of government); noble; (arch.) nobleman's residence
young lord; successor of one's current lord