(arch.) large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Bunroku era (1592.12.8-1596.10.27)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
mouth; lips; shape of the mouth; near an entrance; vicinity of an entrance
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
The End; Finis; completion; conclusion; providing fully
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
talent; gift; function; noh (theatre)
godparent; first person to give something its name
official in charge of the administration of domains and general affairs of powerful noble families (from the middle of the Heian period); titled lady (legal wife of an important official); government office related to finances (Kamakura and Muromachi periods); clerk working for large temples and shrines
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to be furnished with; to be provided with; to be possessed of; to be endowed with; to be among; to be one of
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
feelings; thoughts; meaning