indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
beautiful woman; (a) beauty
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
father; dad; husband; you; he
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
beginning of next week (usu. Monday); early next week
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
third month of the lunar calendar; (arch.) thick growth (of grass, etc.); Yayoi period (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE); Yayoi culture
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
belief; faith; conviction
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
putting one's life on the line; staking one's life (on); risking one's life; life and death situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
village headman; village mayor
to be silent; to say nothing
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
now; the present time; just now; another; more