yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
cry (e.g. of a baby); sob; whine; tearful voice; weepy voice
honesty; sincerity; trust; reliance; (religious) faith; devotion
middle palace guard (ritsuryō system)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to intimidate; to frighten; to scare; to threaten (e.g. peace); to jeopardize; to endanger
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Emishi; Ezo; non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo; Hokkaido, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from the place (where); from the fact that ...; caused by the fact that ...; because
heartbroken; crestfallen; dejected; feeling exhausted; feeling drained
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
honorific/polite/humble prefix
main point; essential point; important thing; necessity; need; requirement