turret; watchtower; high wooden stage; scaffolding; wooden frame (of a kotatsu); yagura
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
welcome!; nice to see you!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Star Festival (held in July or August); Tanabata; Festival of the Weaver
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
feudal retainer or warrior
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
to marry (of a woman); to become a bride; to marry into (a family); (arch.) to have sexual intercourse
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora); Japanese umbrella pine; tanyosho pine
Jin dynasty (of China; 265-420 CE); Chin dynasty
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
happy; auspicious; propitious; naive
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very