female cook; kitchenmaid; (arch.) woman who served both as a waitress and a prostitute in Osaka teahouses
homely woman (esp. one with a small low nose, high flat forehead, and bulging cheeks); plain woman
to accomplish; to finish; to fulfill
to cause trouble (for); to have a harmful effect (on); to involve (someone) in trouble
council; conference; consultation
disliking; having an antipathy to
exactly the same; identical; exact; perfect
one's parents' generation
person (or their spirit) who died with no one to tend their grave
starvation; famine; hunger
one's parents' home; one's origins; one's upbringing; one's past
Dutch studies; studies of Western knowledge
mountain range; mountain belt
new moon; first day of the lunar month; (in ancient China) next year's calendar and decrees (distributed by the Emperor at year's end)
counter for things inside a bag
temple elementary school (during the Edo period)
remedial measure; countermeasure; counter-measure; relief measure; remedy
villa; daimyo's suburban residence
unjustified; unwarranted; unfounded; baseless; groundless
repeatedly; to a tremendous extent
to underrate; to make light of
one's wife; one's wife and daughter or daughters
to discard; to abandon; to neglect; to let be
to buy (of a government, public agency, etc. from a private citizen); to purchase; to buy up (all of something)
all one's life; throughout one's life; as long as one lives
vast; limitless; boundless
member of shogun's council of elders
need; want; necessity; costs; expenses
bitter experience; misery; distress; grief; sad thoughts; hardship