indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stand up straight; to stick up (e.g. of hair); to stand up abruptly; to jump to one's feet; to stand (doing nothing); to stand around
work (e.g. of art); piece; harvest; crop; technique
how; in what way; how about
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
field of vision; visibility; view; visual field; (one's) ken
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
pitch-dark; pitch-black; completely dark; very bleak (future); utterly hopeless
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
wing; Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (arch.) counter for birds or bird wings
entertainer; performer; celebrity; entertainment personality
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
no!; no no!; no, not at all
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof