this world; this life; world of the living
number one; first; best; most; game; round
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
subordinate; underling; henchman; minion
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
letting (someone) die without helping
heaven and earth; the universe; top and bottom; gods of heaven and earth
carapace; shell; 1st in rank; grade A; instep; back of hand
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
imperial court; shogunate government; authorities; public affairs; official; government
resentment; grudge; malice; matter for regret; regret
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
imperial lands; shogun's demesne
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
conduct of business; management; acting as agent (of a land owner, house owner, etc.); being in charge (of a house, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
taking turns on duty (esp. daimyo's retainers on duty in Edo)
shogunal vassal; direct retainer of a shogun
self-indulgence; doing as one pleases
to lick; to lap; to taste; to experience (esp. a hardship); to look down on (someone); to make fun of
sixth year of elementary school; sixth year elementary school student
imitation; fake; phony; pseudo-
carved seal; engraved stamp; to engrave (a seal); to carve; to make an impression (with a seal)
effect; result; worth; Kai (former province located in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture)
in the mountains; among the mountains
workshop; studio; atelier
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with