indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
journey; trip; travels; during the journey; on the way; while travelling
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thief; robber; burglar; rebel; insurgent; traitor
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to end without incident; to not turn into something serious
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
meeting face-to-face; seeing in person; facing (each other); opposing (traffic, etc.); confronting
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
from afar; over a great distance; all the way
state ceremony; laborious; troublesome; irksome
well; in good health; safe; free from accident
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
to keep up (appearances); to smooth over (an error, etc.); to gloss over; to mend; to repair
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
proxy; ringer; substitute; second serving of noodles (to add to previously purchased ramen)
to see through; to see into (someone's heart, mind, etc.); to perceive; to find out; to detect
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
(if) by some chance; by some possibility; in the unlikely event that; (unlikely event of) emergency; the worst(-case scenario)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
discovery (of a plot, misdeed, etc.); detection; exposure; disclosure
important matter; matter of great importance; serious affair; major incident; emergency
myself; oneself; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) you (referring to one's inferior)
even; even if; even though; because of; on the grounds that
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry