indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
adds force or indicates command
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
master; teacher; stable master
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
computerized tomography; CT
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
had better ...; had better not ...
immediate; prompt; quick; rapid; urgent; pressing
to have a talk; to tell a story
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
anesthesiologist; anaesthesiologist; anesthetist; anaesthetist
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
just; justifiable; right; due; proper; equitable
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in that way; thus; so; so?
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
one's youth; early life; one's early days; one's early years
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to have a bad time; to go through a bitter experience; to get into trouble; to get hurt; to suffer
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
small; small-sized; small-scale; miniature
battery; battery; pitcher and catcher
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
making practical; making useful; implementing