email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
negotiations; discussions; connection
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
government; administration
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
opening a business; opening a practice
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pin down; to hold down; to cover (esp. a part of one's body with one's hand); to clutch (a body part in pain); to get a hold of; to obtain
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
audience; spectator; spectators
wild enthusiasm; being crazy about
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
man; male; masculine gender
(committee) chairman; president
car; automobile; motorcar; motor vehicle; auto
electrical appliances; electric appliances
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
medical care; medical treatment
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
highest level; high-water mark
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
at first; at the outset; to begin with; as a first step
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
no matter what it takes; by any means necessary; at all costs; by hook or by crook