indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
third day of the month; three days
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
with a feeling of relief; with a sigh of relief; deeply (sigh)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
striking (at something) and missing; swing and a miss; vain attempt
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the Big Dipper (asterism); the Plough; the Plow
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question