indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
cannot be undone; can't be recovered from
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
adds force or indicates command
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
beautiful tree; tree producing beautiful flowers
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
last night; yesterday evening
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
alley; alleyway; teahouse garden; path through a gate (or through a garden, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
quiet; calm; leisurely; distant; far-off; boundless
crime; criminal act; offence; offense
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
lush mountain; green mountain; grave; burial place
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
(water-filled) paddy field
(arch.) bracelet (made of stringed jewels or bells and worn at the elbow); bracer (for the elbow of an archer)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner