indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
regret; repentance; remorse
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
port city; harbor city; harbour city
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
serious; earnest; sober; honest; sincere
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
junior high school student; middle school pupil
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
disappearance; running away; going missing; absconding
since; henceforth; ever since
to become stormy; to become rough (of the sea); to fall into ruin; to become neglected; to become rough (of skin); to get chapped
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to leave (in someone's keeping); to put (in someone's care); to put (someone) in charge of; to leave (a matter) in someone's hands; to lean on; to put one's weight on
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become familiar with; to get used to; to become accustomed to; to come to fit; to go (well) with; to suit
senior high school; high school
taking an examination (esp. for entrance to a school or university)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
running away from home; elopement; (arch.) outing; (arch.) going out; (arch.) becoming a Buddhist monk; (arch.) entering the priesthood
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
patrol car; police car; squad car; cruiser
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
unexploded ordnance; unexploded shell; unexploded bomb; UXO
to find; to discover; to come across; to be used to seeing; to be familiar with