indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
radio (communication); wireless; not using wires
rescue worker; emergency rescue team member; ambulance attendant; paramedic
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
(dead) body; corpse; remains
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
appeal; call for something; request; axiom
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
Tokyo Metropolis (prefecture); Tokyo metropolitan area
coastal; seaside; oceanfront; maritime
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
neighborhood; neighbourhood; vicinity; environs; surrounding area; district
private message; PM; post meridiem; afternoon; project manager; product manager; particulate matter
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hurrying (to somewhere); rushing; hastening; express (train)
please (give me); please (do for me)
thank you (for your hard work); I appreciate your efforts
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
provincial capital (under the ritsuryō system); provincial office; public place of imperial rule
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
honorific/polite/humble prefix
dwelling; house; residence; living; life
upper reaches of a river; upstream
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
119 (ambulance and fire brigade emergency telephone number in Japan)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
arrival on location (esp. used in transport industries, police, etc.)
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
report; notification; tip; message (in information and communication theory)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?