indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
coastal; seaside; oceanfront; maritime
lush mountain; green mountain; grave; burial place
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
drug; medicine; (illegal) drug; narcotics
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
direction; district; area; field (e.g. of study); sphere; quarter
station (esp. a police station); office (e.g. tax office)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
victim; injured party; sufferer
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble