indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
quiet; calm; leisurely; distant; far-off; boundless
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
judgement; judgment; appraisal (e.g. of an antique); evaluation; forensics; (criminal) identification
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
(police) detective; criminal matter
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
purposely (of something needless, unexpected or seemingly counterproductive, etc.); daringly (doing something); not necessarily; not particularly; (arch.) definitely not
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
don't you think?; indicates question
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
to face; to go towards; to head towards
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
Kōzuke (former province located in present-day Gunma Prefecture)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
police officer; policeman; policewoman
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)