indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
quiet; calm; leisurely; distant; far-off; boundless
victim; injured party; sufferer
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
electrical machinery; appliances
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
administrator; janitor; manager; custodian; executor
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
coworker; co-worker; colleague; associate
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to (be able to) make contact; to (be able to) get in touch
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
discovery; detection; finding
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
(water-filled) paddy field
(arch.) bracelet (made of stringed jewels or bells and worn at the elbow); bracer (for the elbow of an archer)
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
to lay waste; to devastate; to invade; to break into; to troll (e.g. web forums); to spam
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone