from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
please (give me); please (do for me)
one tenth; one hundredth; one percent; one tenth of a sun; one quarter ryō (an old coin)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
cool; refreshing; clear (e.g. eyes); bright; clear; distinct
South Pole; the Antarctic; Antarctica
warm; mild; considerate; kind; warm (of a colour); mellow
weather; the elements; fair weather; fine weather
good feeling; feeling good
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
muffler; scarf; comforter; muffler (for a vehicle exhaust); silencer
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to replace; to move; to change the position of
while; during; while; although; all; both
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)