as a child; when one was a child; childhood
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
such; this sort of; like this
idea; conception; way of thinking; approach; expression
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
failure; mistake; blunder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
terrific; staggering; tremendous; frightful; ghastly; horrific
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
magnificent; grand; fair; square; grandly; boldly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
entertainer (esp. in a traditional art); performer; artiste; talented person; accomplished person
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
highlight (scene); high point; climax; show-off scene (of an actor in a play)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
(musical) time; tempo; beat; the moment; the instance; chance
doer; performer; protagonist (in noh or kyogen); hero; speculator (in trading)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to