indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
check (pattern); plaid; check; inspection; check (mark); tick; checking (something) out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
appearance (in a film, play, TV show, etc.); performance
information; news; information (data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.); informatics (as a subject)
talent; gift; function; noh (theatre)
stage (of a theatre, concert hall, etc.); stage performance; stage production; setting (of a story); scene; sphere (of activity)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
protagonist; main character; hero; head (of a household); proprietor (of a store)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
doer; performer; shite; protagonist; speculator
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to act (a part); to play (a role); to perform (a play, etc.); to put on (a production); to commit (e.g. a blunder); to disgrace oneself
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
school (of painting, ikebana, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
five; five years of age; eight o'clock (old time system)
having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ...; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
that is (to say); namely; precisely; exactly; if one does ..., then; in that case
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track
kyogen performer; low-ranked house playwright (of kabuki)
musical accompanist (in noh, kabuki, etc.); background instruments
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
someone working behind-the-scenes; scene shifter; lady consort (to a high personage)
remuneration; recompense; reward; toll
custom; general rule; convention; usually; generally; normally
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
to dance (orig. a whirling dance); to whirl (in the wind); to flutter (about); to swirl
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
number one; first; best; most; game; round
poverty-stricken; destitute; poor; penurious
Jugemu (Japanese folktale)