indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
check; plaid; checking; monitoring; check (banking); cheque
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
performance; appearance (in a stage, film, TV show, etc.)
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
talent; gift; function; noh (theatre)
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
protagonist; main character; hero(ine) (of a story); head of household
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
doer; performer; protagonist (in noh or kyogen); hero; speculator (in trading)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to act (a part); to play (a role); to perform (a play, etc.); to put on (a production); to commit (a blunder); to disgrace oneself
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
five; five years of age; eight o'clock (old time system)
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track
kyogen performer; low-ranked house playwright (of kabuki)
(noh) musician; orchestra leader
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
someone working behind-the-scenes; scene shifter; lady consort (to a high personage)
remuneration; recompense; reward; toll
custom; general rule; convention; usually; generally; as a rule
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
to dance (orig. a whirling dance); to flutter about; to revolve
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
number one; first; best; most; game; round
poverty-stricken; destitute; poor; penurious