indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what the?; what's that?; what are you doing?; what's going on?
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
tree sparrow (Passer montanus); talkative person; knowledgeable person
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
to be in high spirits; to be full of vigor (vigour); to be enthusiastic; to be eager; to stretch to breaking point
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
large bird; peng (in Chinese mythology, giant bird said to transform from a fish); fenghuang (Chinese phoenix)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
one more time; once more; once again
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
(some) more; even more; longer; further
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo