indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
graduation ceremony; commencement
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
OK; okay; fine (without); not needed; unnecessary
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
then; well; so; well then
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
to be fascinated (by); to be captivated by; to be enchanted by; to gaze admiringly at; to watch in fascination
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
female clothing; wearing female clothing; cross dressing (for a man)
stones and trees; sticks and stones; apathetic person; cold-hearted person; (arch.) brown coal
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
water (esp. cool or cold); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come off (of a button, handle, lid, etc.); to go away (of a fever, pain, swelling, etc.); to disappear; to be harvested; to be picked; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
a little difficult; slightly hard; not feasible; not possible