science (inc. mathematics, medicine, etc.); natural science; science department (university); science course; science (as a school subject)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
author; writer; novelist; artist
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
strange; unfamiliar; unknown; unfamiliarity; strangeness; stranger
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
woman; female; feminine gender
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
correspondence; exchange of letters
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
these days; nowadays; present day; at this time (of the day)
stale; old fashioned; hackneyed; trite; antiquated; obsolete
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
official size of a tatami mat for measuring room size (esp. a Kyoto-size tatami mat); basic rhythm (in traditional Japanese music); (arch.) room (in a brothel) of a prostitute of the highest rank
opportunity to show one's abilities; time to show one's stuff; one's province
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady
in that way; thus; so; so?
all night long; all through the night
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
as (for); for; in the capacity of
perfectly; right on the mark; spot on; enough; sufficiently; thoroughly
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
how; in what way; how about
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)