indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
after that; afterwards; thereafter
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
future (usually near); prospects
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
3 o'clock; afternoon snack (eaten around 3 o'clock); three ages of Buddhism (following the death of Gautama Buddha; age of the true law, age of the copied law, and age of the degeneration of the law); three ages of the dharma
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
administrator; director; commissioner
tip-off (to the authorities); information (on); anonymous report
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
kidnapper; kidnaper; abductor
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
this way (of doing); this method; this sort (of thing); this type
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to catch; to capture; to catch hold of (someone); to stop (e.g. a stranger in the street); towards (someone); at (someone)