indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
wife (esp. one's own wife); court lady; female court attache; (arch.) woman (esp. as a love interest)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
wisteria (esp. Japanese wisteria, Wisteria floribunda); wistaria
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
faith; belief; piety; devotion; godliness
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become stiff (of muscles); to get absorbed in; to develop a passion for; to be elaborate; to be intricate
circumstances; sequence of events; how things got this way; details; particulars
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
tenement house; row house
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger)
bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit
to be buried; to be covered; to overflow; to be crowded; to be repaid (e.g. debt); to be replenished
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
conviction; belief; confidence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to borrow; to rent; to hire; to make use of (another's help, wisdom, etc.); to obtain; to use (for another purpose)
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
ground; earth's surface; land; lot; plot
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (vegetables, treasure, etc.); to mine (coal, ore, etc.); to top
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); canine; squealer; rat; loser; asshole
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
crow (Corvus spp.); raven
cry (of an animal); call; chirp; song; caw; roar
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
seasoning; flavour; condition; state; (state of) health; physical condition
how; in what way; how about
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to lie down (and sleep); to go to bed (with an illness)
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; intention; mind; mood