indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
since some time ago; for some time; for quite a while
bugling (sound); honking; grumbling; complaining; car; automobile
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
in that way; thus; so; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
receiving (a message, letter, email, etc.); reception (radio, TV, etc.)
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
already; now; no longer; not any more
curse; spell; malediction
region; limits; stage; level
round; tranquil; contentedly at ease
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mandarin duck (Aix galericulata)
dot-com; Internet business; .com