from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
all parts; various parts; every department
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mid-year gift; summer gift
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
please (give me); please (do for me)
company employee; member of a corporation; company stockholder (esp. in legal contexts)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
within a company; in-house; within a shrine; shrine precincts
broadcasting; broadcast; program; announcement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
feast; treating (someone); to treat (someone, e.g. to a meal)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
such; like that; that sort of; very