indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
horizontal (as opposed to vertical); lying down; side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back); width; side (of a box, etc.); beside
entry into port; arriving in harbor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
firm; determined; resolute; conclusive
obstruction; check; hindrance; prevention; impediment; interdiction
all present; all concerned; all of us
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
atomic energy; nuclear power
protection; advocacy; support; to protect (e.g. rights, etc.); to advocate (e.g. free trade, etc.); to support
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
absolutely; positively; decidedly
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
objection; dissent; protest
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
student (esp. a university student)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
Molotov cocktail; petrol bomb; gasoline bomb
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to hang; to suspend; to lower; to reduce; to demote; to move back
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
operation (of a machine, etc.); operating; driving; working (capital, etc.)
rough; wild; violent; immoderate; extravagant; reckless