at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
control; management (e.g. of a business)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
document; official papers
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
National Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1947-); Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1889-1947); legislative assembly; parliament
going up in flames; destruction by fire (esp. of a large building); stirring up a storm of criticism online (of an article, tweet, statement, etc.); becoming the target of an Internet pitchfork mob
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
charge; rush; dash; assault; attack
Amur silvergrass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus)
marsh; swamp; wetland; being hooked (on a video game, TV show, etc.)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
topic; subject; much talked about; topical; in the news
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
construction; establishment
interruption; suspension; break
national ownership; state ownership; government ownership
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)