indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
crystal; crystallization; crystallisation; fruits (of labor, union, etc.)
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
actual place; actual location; the spot; place where one is currently living
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
news coverage; collecting data (e.g. for an article); covering (something for media); interview
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
attitude to life; form of existence; way of life
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
tenth day of the month; ten days
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that