vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
for your information; I'm telling you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
proxy; ringer; substitute; second serving of noodles (to add to previously purchased ramen)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
explanation; excuse; clarification; vindication; apology
bygones; the past; past event
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
sly; cunning; sneaky; crafty; unfair; dishonest
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
reflection; reconsideration; introspection; regret; repentance; remorse
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
inner thoughts; real intention; at heart; deep down; inner center (centre)
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
study; diligence; discount; reduction
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for