vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(abbr) Harvard (University)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
qualifications; requirements; capabilities
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
to betray; to turn traitor to; to double-cross
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
rather; better; instead; if anything
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
man; male; masculine gender
effect; result; worth; Kai (former province located in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
honorific/polite/humble prefix
pupil; disciple; adherent; follower; apprentice; young person
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
negotiations; discussions; connection
itself; one's own body; oneself; originally; naturally
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only