indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
please (give me); please (do for me)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
ancient time; age of the gods
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)