indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to send; to forward; to hand over (e.g. money)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
don't you think?; indicates question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
passage (of time); elapsing; progress; development; transit
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
to ask; to enquire; to inquire; to search; to look for; to look into
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember