teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism); consideration; human; kernel; nucleolus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
closing years (period, days); last stage; end stage; terminal (e.g. cancer, disease, etc.); final
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
number one; first; best; most; game; round
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
this world; this life; world of the living
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be needed; to be wanted
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
to take care of some business; to go on an errand; to relieve oneself; to do one's business; to go to the toilet
each time; every time; whenever (something happens); on the occasion of
like this; this sort; this way
state; condition; circumstances; sight; spectacle
prostitute (esp. Edo period)
illness; disease; bad habit; weakness; fault
to become frightened; to be frightened (of); to be scared (of)
to subsist; to keep on living
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
trolling; singing in a circular canon; round
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")