Japanese yam (Dioscorea japonica)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
feeling; sense; impression
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
way of saying (something); way of putting it; wording; phrasing; language; expression
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
emergency; extraordinary; unusual
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
very; extremely; excessively
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
adds force or indicates command
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!