indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
Awa (former province located in present-day Tokushima Prefecture)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
rope; cord; line; grand champion's braided belt
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; so?
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
boss; leader; kingpin; chief; head (e.g. of a crime syndicate)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so