indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
commodity; article of commerce; goods; stock; merchandise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
planning; project; plan; design
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
perfect; complete; flawless
peerless; unparalleled; unparallelled; mowing down the enemy
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
contents; interior; substance; content; (sword) blade
love; love-making; passion; emotion; affections
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
pure heart; naivete; innocence
clumsy; awkward; tactless; awkward (e.g. socially); (arch.) mean; (arch.) cowardly
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling; present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
sweet-tasting; sweet; fragrant (smelling); sweet (music); lightly salted; light in salt; naive
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
two persons; two people; pair; couple
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
wasteful; a waste; too good; more than one deserves; impious; profane