indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
strawberry (esp. the garden strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
ceiling; ceiling price; (price) ceiling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
how; in what way; how about
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few