to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
large tree; big tree; huge tree
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
when it becomes; when it comes to
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to have a rumor circulating
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
blood (in one's face, cheeks, etc.); colour; color; hot-bloodedness; hotheadedness; impulsive temperament
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
reckless; (at) random; haphazard; blind; sudden; abrupt
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to repeat; to do something over again
camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora); camphorwood; camphor laurel
doing (with resolve); carrying out (e.g. a plan)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
doctor practising Western medicine (during the Edo period)
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
to gather; to collect; to assemble
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
to turn one's hand to; to reach out one's hand; to get involved in; to make a move on; to strike; to beat
undesirable lover (boyfriend, girlfriend); passion; temper; irritability
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)