indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
group with a common interest (e.g. students); club (e.g. company sports club); circle; circle (shape)
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to swell; to rise; to bulge; to rouse; to get excited
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
spicy; hot; salty; harsh (criticism); severe (punishment); painful
two persons; two people; pair; couple
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
loss; feeling of loss; Los Angeles
honorific/polite/humble prefix
junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
honorific; term of respect; polite expression; honorific language
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
habit (often a bad habit, i.e. vice); tendency; peculiarity; idiosyncrasy; crease; wrinkle
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
assistant; helper; assistant (to a professor)
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
sorry; excuse me; thank you
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
sakaki (species of evergreen sacred to Shinto, Cleyera japonica); evergreen (esp. one planted or used at a shrine)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
Johann Joachim Winckelmann
confrontation; opposition; antagonism
professor; teaching; instruction
authority; power; influence
the front (of a battlefield); forefront
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
respect; esteem; reverence; honour; honor