sakaki (species of evergreen sacred to Shinto, Cleyera japonica); evergreen (esp. one planted or used at a shrine)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
don't you think?; indicates question
kindness; favor; favour; goodwill; affection; liking (for someone)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
classification; categorization; sorting
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
professor; teaching; instruction
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
lodging together; training camp; boarding house
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
(abstract) symbol; emblem; representation
community; circles; kingdom; erathem; field (electrical); border
printing type; movable type; printed text; print
crack; crevice; fissure; chap; rift
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
question; inquiry; enquiry
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
small; fine; minute; minor; trivial; sensitive
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that