mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
snack; light meal; snack bar (usu. an establishment that serves alcohol); snack food (esp. potato chips, popcorn, etc.); munchie
long time; long interval; for quite some time
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
myself; yourself; I; me; you
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for