indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
carving; engraving; chiselled features
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
Japanese halfbeak (Hemiramphus sajori); stickleback
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
part; part-timer; part-time (work)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
professor; teaching; instruction
call; summons; usher who calls the names of wrestlers, sweeps the ring, etc.; telephone number at which a person without a telephone can be reached; (arch.) box-shaped area containing clean water for rinsing oneself (in an Edo-period bathhouse); (arch.) high-ranking prostitute in the Yoshiwara district (Edo period); (arch.) unlicensed prostitute in the Fukagawa red-light district (Edo period)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
now; the present time; just now; another; more
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to be coming; to be popular; to be fashionable; to be angry; to have blown one's lid
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
to be shut; to close; to be locked; to tighten; to be tightened; to become sober
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
regional revitalization; local revitalization