indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
stinking; smelly; suspicious; fishy; clumsy; unskilled
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be enthusiastic about; to be eager; to be keen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
firmly; plentifully; with all one's might
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
socks; sock; stockings; stocking
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to pick up
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
sensitive; alert; aware; susceptible
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
dangerous weapon; lethal weapon; deadly weapon; murder weapon
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
particulars; details; specified items
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
Sagami (former province located in present-day Kanagawa Prefecture)
field; plain; prairie; tundra; moor; wilderness
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set